When you see your hair color change while sitting in a salon chair, the question that inevitably arises is whether these chemicals are truly harmful to the body. The strong smell and various rumors lead many people to believe that hair dye can even damage the liver. However, the reality is quite different.
Dr. Chetan Kalaal, hepatologist and liver transplant physician at Saifee Hospital, told media that there is no concrete clinical evidence that routine use of cosmetic hair dyes can cause serious liver disease in the general population. The reason for this is simple: most commercially available dyes are regulated and their absorption into the body through the scalp is minimal. This means that these chemicals do not reach the bloodstream in sufficient quantities to cause liver damage.
However, this doesn’t mean the risk is completely zero. Liver damage has been reported in some cases, especially when dyes contain chemicals like para-phenylene diamine. However, these cases are extremely rare and idiosyncratic, meaning they vary from person to person, without a fixed pattern. They are not dose-dependent, but rather based on the body’s individual response.
Dr. Harshil S. Shah explains that ingredients like PPD and ammonia can be harmful when they enter the body in large quantities. If the scalp is injured or fumes are inhaled during application, they usually cause skin allergies, which are uncomfortable but not dangerous. Cases where a link has been found between hair dyes and hepatitis have involved long-term or frequent use, along with pre-existing health conditions.
The real concern arises when multiple exposures are combined, such as smoking. Smoking itself is a significant risk to the liver. This increases oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which increases the risk of liver disease, especially if there is a history of fatty liver or alcoholism. When the body is exposed to chemicals, the overall toxic effect can increase. However, Dr. Kalal clearly emphasizes that quitting smoking is more important for liver health than quitting hair dye.
In such a situation, the best approach is to use dyes with caution. Always choose a trusted and regulated brand of dye. Labeling them ammonia-free or herbal does not mean they are completely safe. These also contain different chemicals. Always perform a patch test before each use to detect any allergies. Never apply dye to a broken or inflamed scalp.