Wednesday, July 8, 2026

Punjab Congress President Demands Action Against Haryana HM and Police for Violating Territorial Jurisdiction-Tear gas and rubber bullets as Indian farmers march on Delhi

Date:

January 8, 2021: Drones Used By Police Over Protesting Farmers Were Not Authorised To Fly

The drones the police flew over farmers protesting against the recently enacted farm laws were illegal — their use was never authorized by the Civil Aviation Ministry, or the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), both entities which regulate drone use in the country, RTIs filed by MediaNama revealed. It’s a worrying example of the amount of discretion available to on-ground police personnel — especially when it’s about using tech to carry out mass surveillance.  As the protests against the farm laws broke out in November last year, and as farmers started their march towards Delhi, the police had deployed drones to constantly monitor the situation. Both Delhi and Haryana Police were present at the protests. It isn’t clear which police force deployed these drones. We have reached out to both departments for more details. Multiple people reporting from the ground had shared visuals of these drones:  

November 26, 2020: The autonomous body filed the RTI in December, with the Civil Aviation Ministry, and the DGCA, asking for a list of all the organizations they had allowed to fly drones between October and December 2020, along with a copy of the authorization letters issued to these organizations. 

In response to the RTI, the Civil Aviation Ministry said it had exempted the following organizations from deploying drones during that time period. As is evident, no police force was allowed by the Civil Aviation Ministry to deploy drones: 

  • Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRUA)
  • Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd. (OMC)
  • National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC)
  • Global Konnect Aviation Services Pvt. Ltd.
  • National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
  • CEPT University
  • International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

Ref: https://krishijagran.com/news/farmer-s-protest-exclusive-drones-used-by-police-over-protesting-farmers-were-not-authorized-to-fly-reveals-rti/

Punjab Congress President has sought action against Haryana HM & Haryana Police officials for violating territorial jurisdiction & firing tear gas shells & rubber bullets on Punjab farmers Handed over a memorandum addressed to Bhagwant Mann

The use of drones armed with tear gas and rubber bullets represents a clear violation of the civil liberties of the protesting farmers. These individuals have the right to peacefully assemble and express their grievances without fear of violent reprisals from law enforcement. The deployment of drones with such weaponry not only escalates tensions but also endangers the lives of innocent civilians.

VIDEO | Here’s what Haryana AAP President DrSushilKrGupta said on the ongoing farmers’ protest. “Farmers had given a notice to the (Haryana) government for this peaceful protest long back. Not only water cannons and tear gas shells were used, rubber bullets were also fired (on protesting farmers). Such security arrangement, on Punjab-Haryana border and Delhi-Haryana border, is not there even on India-Pakistan border.”

February 18, 2024: Protests by farmers in India and the use of less-lethal weapons like rubber bullets by police to control crowds. It mentions studies by organizations like Amnesty International and the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD) in India on the misuse of kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) like rubber bullets during protests. While the Amnesty report documents cases of serious injuries and loss of eyesight caused by these weapons globally, including during the ongoing farmer protests in India, a BPRD study from 2012 cites that Haryana police claimed to never use rubber bullets.

The Amnesty International report documents that the use of kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs), such as rubber bullets, has led to thousands of injuries across the world, including permanent disabilities such as loss of sight in one or both eyes, and scores of deaths. The injuries caused by KIPs include eye trauma, traumatic brain injuries, and severe injuries and fatalities when vulnerable upper-body regions such as the head, neck, and upper torso are struck.

The specific injuries caused by kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) according to the Amnesty report include eye trauma, traumatic brain injuries, and severe injuries and fatalities when vulnerable upper-body regions such as the head, neck, and upper torso are struck.

The Amnesty report documented cases of injuries caused by kinetic impact projectiles in countries such as Chile, Colombia, France, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Spain, Sudan, and the USA, in addition to India.

At least 3 farmers lost their vision completely due to pellet injuries and more than 135 have been injured in last 4 days

On directions given by their leaders today Farmers didn’t try to move towards Haryana & Dehli. Despite this security forces from Haryana indiscriminately fired tear gas shells, rubber bullets on farmers who were peacefully standing on the Punjab side.

It has come to light that the drones employed by the police during the protests were equipped with rubber bullets and dangerous tactics

The use of drones with rubber bullets poses a significant risk to the safety and well-being of protesters and bystanders. The potential for harm in such a situation is enormous, and strict measures must be put in place to prevent the misuse of this technology in the future.

The use of drones by the Indian police is regulated by the Drone Regulations 2021, which sets out the rules and restrictions for the operation of drones in the country. According to these regulations, drones equipped with weapons, including rubber bullets, are prohibited from being used for any purpose. This means that the use of drones with rubber bullets by the Indian police would violate these regulations and could result in legal consequences for the responsible authorities.

Tear gas and rubber bullets as Indian farmers march on Delhi

These protests are a continuation of demonstrations two years ago, during which clashes with police left 600 people dead.

A farmer shouts protests after authorities stop farmers from moving towards Delhi at the Shambhu border between the states of Punjab and Haryana.

Shambhu border, India – Thousands of farmers have gathered on the outskirts of India’s capital, New Delhi, to set out demands for guaranteed minimum prices for their crops, debt relief and policy reforms.

The protests are being led by more than 250 farmer unions, including the Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Committee (a platform which represents more than 150 unions) and the Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM), which has the backing of more than 100 unions. With participants arriving far and wide from states like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, the protests are being coordinated from Punjab and are gaining support that transcends state boundaries.

Starting on Tuesday this week, the farmers are marching towards New Delhi with their tractors and trucks in tow. In an attempt to halt the march, the Indian authorities have placed barriers, nails and other heavy machinery along the highways that run towards the capital. During one attempt by demonstrators to demolish barricades at Shambhu village on the Punjab-Haryana border, the Haryana police responded by firing rounds of tear gas to scatter them. Haryana borders New Delhi, and is ruled by the Bharatiya Janata Party of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

These protests are a continuation of demonstrations in and on the outskirts of New Delhi which took place two years ago. They lasted for more than a year, during which time more than 600 people were killed during violent crackdowns by the authorities. Following the government’s agreement to rescind three agricultural reform laws that the farmers objected to, the protests were called off. Other demands they had made, however, were not met – and these issues have flared up again.

Demands for a strong system to set minimum support prices (MSP) to protect farmers from market fluctuations are at the core of the protest. The protesters are also demanding debt relief and restraints on the privatisation of the power industry. “I was here last time for the whole duration. We are here again because the promises made have not been fulfilled, for example, the MSP. When they formed the government, they promised to waive off the loans, but that did not happen. They promised to deliver justice in the case of the Lakhimpur Kheri incident [when protesting farmers were rammed by a car and killed in October 2021],” Sukvindra Kaur, 55, from Bathinda, Punjab told Aljazeera.

“We were forced to hit the roads again over the same demands,” she added. “The promises made by the present government have to be fulfilled by them, and tomorrow if there is any new government, why would they fulfil our demands? We never wanted to do it but farmers are committing suicide; they have huge loans. We are here to save them.”

Another farmer, Dharam Singh Sidhu, 60, vice president of Kissan Sangash Samiti for Ferozepur, Punjab, called the teargassing of farmers and the firing of rubber bullets at the protesters “undemocratic”.

“Under democracy, everyone has the right to protest peacefully, but despite moving peacefully, they are barricading, shelling and opening fire at us. No farmers are engaging in any unlawful activity; we are protesting peacefully,” Sidhu said.

The timing of the protest ahead of impending elections in the next few months highlights the political significance of despair among farmers, who make up a sizeable voting bloc in the country.

Farmers gather with a caravan of trucks, tractors and water tankers at Shambhu village in Patiala district, on Punjab’s border with Haryana state. The authorities have installed six-layered concrete barricades and iron nails, along with a large contingent of security personnel, to prevent protesting farmers from heading to New Delhi.
Protesting farmers offer water to a man who fainted during a protest at Shambhu village, on the border between Punjab and Haryana. The authorities stopped the marching farmers and Ured tear gas, water cannon and rubber bullets to prevent them from entering the capital city
‘We have come all the way from Punjab, and no incident of violence has happened; it is the Haryana government that is responsible for all this,’ says Dular Singh, 64, from Chandigarh in the north. He is here to demand the waiving of farmers’ loans. ‘Big corporations have had their loans waived off,’ he says. ‘They are neither giving us MSP nor listening our other demands.’ 
Nahar Singh, 60, from Ludhiana, says: ‘Last time, we had left trusting the government, but they deceived us. It is tough, but we have to try. We have no other option but to come here as farming is our sole livelihood.’ He added that government forces had Ured live bullets at the protesters he was with. ‘The government should have accepted our demands. Initially, they agreed to accept our demands, and we returned, but now they are not fulUlling their promises.’
Shielding his eyes, a farmer protects himself from tear gas at the Shambhu village border, where police deployed tear gas shells and rubber bullets to scatter protesting farmers hoping to advance towards New Delhi to voice their demands. 
Dharam Singh Sidhu, 60, vice president of Kissan Sangash Samiti for Ferozepur Punjab, says: ‘Last time, the government gave us a written assurance about the fulUlment of demands, but two years have passed, and the demands remain unmet.’ He said the government was using violence to prevent the protests. ‘They are shelling through drones on unarmed people. What kind of democracy is this?’ He and others have promised to continue their march until they reach Delhi. 
‘The government has no right to stop us,’ says Jasbeer Singh, 76, from Amritsar. ‘Our voices are being choked with unconstitutional and undemocratic means. Democracy is being killed.’ Despite huge sacriUces they have made to help India become self-su`cient in produce such as grain, farmers are being ignored, he said. ‘Seventy-Uve years have passed since this country attained freedom, but we are still awaiting laws that would ensure our security and freedom. Are we not citizens of this country? My forefathers fought for the freedom of this country so that hard-working people get paid according to their work, but the government is only beneUtting big businessmen.’ 
Farmers assemble at the Shambhu border, where authorities have erected barricades to prevent them from continuing their journey towards Delhi. Iron nails have also been laid along routes to Delhi to hinder their journey. 
A protesting farmer shouts slogans at the Shambhu border where farmers were stopped from marching to Delhi to press for their demands.
A farmer poses with a police shield left behind following an assault on protesting farmers, during which several were injured in beatings, at the Shambhu border.
Farmers remove the concrete barricade near the Shambhu border which is blocking their advance towards Delhi, despite authorities placing multiple layered barricades and iron nails to hinder their progress.
‘I was here last time for the whole duration,’ says Sukvindra Kaur, 55, from Bathinda, Punjab. ‘Women make up 50 percent of the population, and every problem doubles for them as they have to run their homes. If any one farmer commits suicide, it puts the burden of the whole family on her.’ Kaur said the government is prioritising the needs of corporations over those of farmers. ‘There are over 50 people in hospitals who have received rubber bullets and smoke shells. It is highly condemnable and it is unfortunate that the farmers who feed the people of the country are being mistreated like this.’ 
Protesting farmers assist a man injured during clashes with police at the Shambhu border with Delhi. As soon as the farmers started to remove the barricade which had been erected to prevent them getting to Delhi, police Ured tear gas shells and rubber bullets to disperse them, they say. 
A protesting farmer shows the casing of a rubber bullet which was Ured at protesters at the Shambhu border, with the aim of preventing them from advancing towards Delhi.
Farmers manoeuvre a tractor through iron nails at the Shambhu border. They have been strategically placed on the roads by Indian police to prevent farmers from reaching Delhi.
A protesting farmer shields his eyes from tear gas as police attempt to prevent the farmers from moving on towards Delhi. Police employed drone shells to disperse the farmers at the Shambhu border. 

Source: Indianexpress, Medianama, Twitter, Al Jazeera, Image-Al Jazeera(Rohit Lohia), Youtube,

Also Read:

LEAVE A REPLY

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here

Related articles

The corrupt associates of  Mamata Banerjee are being exposed layer by layer

After losing the West Bengal elections, Mamata Banerjee's downfall began. First, Trinamool MLAs rebelled, then several MPs and...

PM Modi’s deal with Indonesia will defeat the dragon

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is on a visit to Indonesia. He signed several major agreements with the Indonesian...

Truecaller,the spam protector,is in trouble!TRAI is considering taking action

There's hardly a smartphone user who doesn't use Truecaller or a similar app to identify calls from unknown...

 Danger of sitting in an chair all day can be mitigated with this workout

The most common problem faced by working people today is that they remain seated all day long due...
news-1701

yakinjp

yakinjp

rtp yakinjp

yakinjp

yakinjp

yakin jp

yakinjp id

maujp

maujp

maujp

\

sabung ayam online

sabung ayam online

SLOT MAHJONG

sabung ayam online

invoice 00026

invoice 00027

invoice 00028

invoice 00029

invoice 00030

invoice 00031

invoice 00032

invoice 00033

invoice 00034

invoice 00035

invoice 00036

invoice 00037

invoice 00038

invoice 00039

invoice 00040

invoice 00041

invoice 00042

invoice 00043

invoice 00044

invoice 00045

invoice 00046

invoice 00047

invoice 00048

invoice 00049

invoice 00050

invoice 00051

invoice 00052

invoice 00053

invoice 00054

invoice 00055

article 2000021

article 2000022

article 2000023

article 2000024

article 2000025

article 2000026

article 2000027

article 2000028

article 2000029

article 2000030

article 2000031

article 2000032

article 2000033

article 2000034

article 2000035

article 2000036

article 2000037

article 2000038

article 2000039

article 2000040

article 2000041

article 2000042

article 2000043

article 2000044

article 2000045

article 2000046

article 2000047

article 2000048

article 2000049

article 2000050

article 2000051

article 2000052

article 2000053

article 2000054

article 2000055

article 2000056

article 2000057

article 2000058

article 2000059

article 2000060

article 2000061

article 2000062

article 2000063

article 2000064

article 2000065

article 2000066

article 2000067

article 2000068

article 2000069

article 2000070

article 2000071

article 2000072

article 2000073

article 2000074

article 2000075

article 2000076

article 2000077

article 2000078

article 2000079

article 2000080

pusdataru 00021

pusdataru 00022

pusdataru 00023

pusdataru 00024

pusdataru 00025

pusdataru 00026

pusdataru 00027

pusdataru 00028

pusdataru 00029

pusdataru 00030

pusdataru 00031

pusdataru 00032

pusdataru 00033

pusdataru 00034

pusdataru 00035

pusdataru 00036

pusdataru 00037

pusdataru 00038

pusdataru 00039

pusdataru 00040

pusdataru 00041

pusdataru 00042

pusdataru 00043

pusdataru 00044

pusdataru 00045

pusdataru 00046

pusdataru 00047

pusdataru 00048

pusdataru 00049

pusdataru 00050

pusdataru 00051

pusdataru 00052

pusdataru 00053

pusdataru 00054

pusdataru 00055

pusdataru 00056

pusdataru 00057

pusdataru 00058

pusdataru 00059

pusdataru 00060

article 00000031

article 00000032

article 00000033

article 00000034

article 00000035

article 00000036

article 00000037

article 00000038

article 00000039

article 00000040

article 00000041

article 00000042

article 00000043

article 00000044

article 00000045

article 00000046

article 00000047

article 00000048

article 00000049

article 00000050

article 00000051

article 00000052

article 00000053

article 00000054

article 00000055

article 00000056

article 00000057

article 00000058

article 00000059

article 00000060

article 00000061

article 00000062

article 00000063

article 00000064

article 00000065

article 00000066

article 00000067

article 00000068

article 00000069

article 00000070

article 00000071

article 00000072

article 00000073

article 00000074

article 00000075

article 00000076

article 00000077

article 00000078

article 00000079

article 00000080

pemohonan 000001

pemohonan 000002

pemohonan 000003

pemohonan 000004

pemohonan 000005

pemohonan 000006

pemohonan 000007

pemohonan 000008

pemohonan 000009

pemohonan 000010

pemohonan 000011

pemohonan 000012

pemohonan 000013

pemohonan 000014

pemohonan 000015

pemohonan 000016

pemohonan 000017

pemohonan 000018

pemohonan 000019

pemohonan 000020

pemohonan 000021

pemohonan 000022

pemohonan 000023

pemohonan 000024

pemohonan 000025

pemohonan 000026

pemohonan 000027

pemohonan 000028

pemohonan 000029

pemohonan 000030

artikel 000000081

artikel 000000082

artikel 000000083

artikel 000000084

artikel 000000085

artikel 000000086

artikel 000000087

artikel 000000088

artikel 000000089

artikel 000000090

artikel 000000091

artikel 000000092

artikel 000000093

artikel 000000094

artikel 000000095

artikel 000000096

artikel 000000097

artikel 000000098

artikel 000000099

artikel 000000100

artikel 000000101

artikel 000000102

artikel 000000103

artikel 000000104

artikel 000000105

artikel 000000106

artikel 000000107

artikel 000000108

artikel 000000109

artikel 000000110

artikel 000000111

artikel 000000112

artikel 000000113

artikel 000000114

artikel 000000115

artikel 000000116

artikel 000000117

artikel 000000118

artikel 000000119

artikel 000000120

pengadilan 000061

pengadilan 000062

pengadilan 000063

pengadilan 000064

pengadilan 000065

pengadilan 000066

pengadilan 000067

pengadilan 000068

pengadilan 000069

pengadilan 000070

pengadilan 000071

pengadilan 000072

pengadilan 000073

pengadilan 000074

pengadilan 000075

pengadilan 000076

pengadilan 000077

pengadilan 000078

pengadilan 000079

pengadilan 000080

pengadilan 000081

pengadilan 000082

pengadilan 000083

pengadilan 000084

pengadilan 000085

pengadilan 000086

pengadilan 000087

pengadilan 000088

pengadilan 000089

pengadilan 000090

perkara 0000066

perkara 0000067

perkara 0000068

perkara 0000069

perkara 0000070

perkara 0000071

perkara 0000072

perkara 0000073

perkara 0000074

perkara 0000075

perkara 0000076

perkara 0000077

perkara 0000078

perkara 0000079

perkara 0000080

perkara 0000081

perkara 0000082

perkara 0000083

perkara 0000084

perkara 0000085

perkara 0000086

perkara 0000087

perkara 0000088

perkara 0000089

perkara 0000090

article 0000021

article 0000022

article 0000023

article 0000024

article 0000025

article 0000026

article 0000027

article 0000028

article 0000029

article 0000030

article 0000031

article 0000032

article 0000033

article 0000034

article 0000035

article 0000036

article 0000037

article 0000038

article 0000039

article 0000040

article 0000041

article 0000042

article 0000043

article 0000044

article 0000045

article 0000046

article 0000047

article 0000048

article 0000049

article 0000050

article 0000051

article 0000052

article 0000053

article 0000054

article 0000055

article 0000056

article 0000057

article 0000058

article 0000059

article 0000060

article 0000061

article 0000062

article 0000063

article 0000064

article 0000065

article 0000066

article 0000067

article 0000068

article 0000069

article 0000070

article 3000031

article 3000032

article 3000033

article 3000034

article 3000035

article 3000036

article 3000037

article 3000038

article 3000039

article 3000040

article 3000041

article 3000042

article 3000043

article 3000044

article 3000045

article 3000046

article 3000047

article 3000048

article 3000049

article 3000050

article 3000051

article 3000052

article 3000053

article 3000054

article 3000055

article 3000056

article 3000057

article 3000058

article 3000059

article 3000060

news-1701
content-1701

artikel 0000106

artikel 0000107

artikel 0000108

artikel 0000109

artikel 0000110

artikel 0000111

artikel 0000112

artikel 0000113

artikel 0000114

artikel 0000115

artikel 0000116

artikel 0000117

artikel 0000118

artikel 0000119

artikel 0000120

artikel 0000121

artikel 0000122

artikel 0000123

artikel 0000124

artikel 0000125

artikel 0000126

artikel 0000127

artikel 0000128

artikel 0000129

artikel 0000130

artikel 0000131

artikel 0000132

artikel 0000133

artikel 0000134

artikel 0000135

pengadilan 000086

pengadilan 000087

pengadilan 000088

pengadilan 000089

pengadilan 000090

pengadilan 000091

pengadilan 000092

pengadilan 000093

pengadilan 000094

pengadilan 000095

pengadilan 000096

pengadilan 000097

pengadilan 000098

pengadilan 000099

pengadilan 000100

pengadilan 000101

pengadilan 000102

pengadilan 000103

pengadilan 000104

pengadilan 000105

article 3000061

article 3000062

article 3000063

article 3000064

article 3000065

article 3000066

article 3000067

article 3000068

article 3000069

article 3000070

article 3000071

article 3000072

article 3000073

article 3000074

article 3000075

article 3000076

article 3000077

article 3000078

article 3000079

article 3000080

article 3000081

article 3000082

article 3000083

article 3000084

article 3000085

article 3000086

article 3000087

article 3000088

article 3000089

article 3000090

article 3000091

article 3000092

article 3000093

article 3000094

article 3000095

article 3000096

article 3000097

article 3000098

article 3000099

article 3000100

article 3000101

article 3000102

article 3000103

article 3000104

article 3000105

article 3000106

article 3000107

article 3000108

article 3000109

article 3000110

article 3000111

article 3000112

article 3000113

article 3000114

article 3000115

article 3000116

article 3000117

article 3000118

article 3000119

article 3000120

article 2000081

article 2000082

article 2000083

article 2000084

article 2000085

article 2000086

article 2000087

article 2000088

article 2000089

article 2000090

article 2000091

article 2000092

article 2000093

article 2000094

article 2000095

article 2000096

article 2000097

article 2000098

article 2000099

article 2000100

article 2000101

article 2000102

article 2000103

article 2000104

article 2000105

article 2000106

article 2000107

article 2000108

article 2000109

article 2000110

invoice 00055

invoice 00056

invoice 00057

invoice 00058

invoice 00059

invoice 00060

invoice 00061

invoice 00062

invoice 00063

invoice 00064

invoice 00065

invoice 00066

invoice 00067

invoice 00068

invoice 00069

invoice 00070

invoice 00071

invoice 00072

invoice 00073

invoice 00074

invoice 00075

invoice 00076

invoice 00077

invoice 00078

invoice 00079

invoice 00080

invoice 00081

invoice 00082

invoice 00083

invoice 00084

invoice 00085

invoice 00086

article 238000401

article 238000402

article 238000403

article 238000404

article 238000405

article 238000406

article 238000407

article 238000408

article 238000409

article 238000410

article 238000411

article 238000412

article 238000413

article 238000414

article 238000415

article 238000416

article 238000417

article 238000418

article 238000419

article 238000420

article 238000421

article 238000422

article 238000423

article 238000424

article 238000425

article 238000426

article 238000427

article 238000428

article 238000429

article 238000430

article 238000431

article 238000432

article 238000433

article 238000434

article 238000435

article 238000436

article 238000437

article 238000438

article 238000439

article 238000440

article 238000441

article 238000442

article 238000443

article 238000444

article 238000445

article 238000446

article 238000447

article 238000448

article 238000449

article 238000450

article 238000451

article 238000452

article 238000453

article 238000454

article 238000455

article 238000456

article 238000457

article 238000458

article 238000459

article 238000460

artikel 0000136

artikel 0000137

artikel 0000138

artikel 0000139

artikel 0000140

artikel 0000141

artikel 0000142

artikel 0000143

artikel 0000144

artikel 0000145

artikel 000000121

artikel 000000122

artikel 000000123

artikel 000000124

artikel 000000125

artikel 000000126

artikel 000000127

artikel 000000128

artikel 000000129

artikel 000000130

artikel 000000131

artikel 000000132

artikel 000000133

artikel 000000134

artikel 000000135

artikel 000000136

artikel 000000137

artikel 000000138

artikel 000000139

artikel 000000140

artikel 000000141

artikel 000000142

artikel 000000143

artikel 000000144

artikel 000000145

artikel 000000146

artikel 000000147

artikel 000000148

artikel 000000149

artikel 000000150

article 0000091

article 0000092

article 0000093

article 0000094

article 0000095

article 0000096

article 0000097

article 0000098

article 0000099

article 0000100

article 0000101

article 0000102

article 0000103

article 0000104

article 0000105

article 0000106

article 0000107

article 0000108

article 0000109

article 0000110

article 0000111

article 0000112

article 0000113

article 0000114

article 0000115

article 0000116

article 0000117

article 0000118

article 0000119

article 0000120

content-1701