Helicobacter pylori, a common stomach bacterium, is considered one of the major causes of stomach cancer worldwide. According to a study published in Nature Medicine, approximately 76 percent of gastric cancer cases may be linked to this bacterium. Researchers estimate that approximately 16 million people born between 2008 and 2017 will develop stomach cancer at some point in their lives, of which approximately 12 million cases may be directly linked to Helicobacter pylori infection. This bacterium lives in the inner lining of the stomach and can often persist for long periods without causing any obvious symptoms. Although many people remain undetected, in some cases it can cause stomach ulcers and, in severe cases, gastric cancer.
According to experts, the highest incidence of stomach cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori is likely in Asia, with an estimated 8 million cases, while North and South America combined are estimated to have approximately 1.5 million cases. This is why doctors consider it crucial to identify this infection, as it is a preventable cancer risk factor.
Certain individuals are at higher risk for Helicobacter pylori infection. People living in regions such as East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America are particularly at increased risk. Immigrants from these regions may also be affected by childhood infections. Additionally, those with a family history of stomach cancer, smokers, those who are overweight, those who eat high amounts of salt or processed foods, and those over the age of 60 are also considered at higher risk.
Helicobacter pylori infection can sometimes remain asymptomatic for years, but about 30 percent of people may develop related problems. Symptoms include burning or pain in the stomach, feeling full even after eating small amounts, nausea, frequent belching, indigestion, bloating, or unexplained weight loss. If these symptoms persist for a long time, it is important to consult a doctor. Some lifestyle measures can also help reduce the risk of stomach cancer. Eating a balanced diet, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption are considered important.